Typewriting machine



Jan. 15, 1935. G G GOING TYPEWRITING MACHINE 2 sheets-sheet 1 Filed June24, 1931 g INVENTOR a".

Jan. 15, 1935. I a. a. some 1,938,312

. TYPEWRITING MACHINE I Filed June 24, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORvery cheap yet efficient Patented Jan. is, 1935 UNITED STATESTYPEWRITING MACHINE George G.

assignor to Ilion, N. Y.,

Going, Glenbrook, Stamford, Conn., Remington Typewriter Company, acorporation of New York Application June 24, 1931, Serial No. 546,466

14 Claims.

My invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly tothe type actions thereof and to the manner of constructing and mountingcertain levers in the machine.

The main object of my invention, generally stated is to provide a verysimple yet efficient construction involving but comparatively few andinexpensive parts that may be made and readily assembled and united at acomparatively small cost, thus aiding in the construction of atypewriting machine.

A further, object of my invention is to provide a construction of thecharacter specified in which nearly all of the parts may be made fromsheet metal.

A still further object of my invention is to produce a comparativelysmall, simple and compact portable typewriting machine that is light inweight and may beproduced at small cost.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my inventionconsists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and.combinations of devices set forth in the following specification andparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters designatecorresponding parts in the different views- Fig. l is a vertical, foreand aft, sectional view of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, top plan view with parts in section showing onehalf of the type actions and some of the associated parts.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, detail, perspective view, with parts broken away,of one of the space key levers mounted in condition for 'use.

Fig.4 is a like fragmentary view of the same with the stop projectionthereon shown in full lines bent to ineffective position.

Fig. is an enlarged, detail, perspective view showing the means forconnecting each key leverto its sub-lever.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged, detail, perspective view showing the means forsupporting the key lever springs on the side plates of the frame.

Fig. '7 is an enlarged, detail, fragmentary, perspective view of the keylever returning springs, the view showing one of said springs with itskey lever mounted thereon.

I have only shown so much of the machine as is necessary to arrive at anunderstanding of my present invention in its embodiment therein. Thereare features disclosed but not claimed herein that will be claimed inseparate applications.

The frame of the machine comprises side plates 1, a front plate 2 and arear plate 3, all preferably made from sheet metal. The front plate 2 issecured by screws 4-to inturned flanges on the side plates 1, whereasthe rear plate 3 is secured 5 by screws 6 in a like manner to inturnedflanges 7 on the side plates. The side plates 1 are further united by acasting 8 secured at its ends to the side plates by screws 9 and 10. Thecasting 8 is the only casting used in the machine and 10 will behereinafter referred to more in detail.

A U-shaped sheet metal frame 11 surrounds the keyboard of the machineand is secured by screws 12 to the side plates 1.

A suitable carriage (not to travel from side to side of the machine andcarries a cylindrical platen 13. Carried by the carriage is a sheetmetal feed rack 14 with which sheet metal feed dogs 15 and 16 coact toadvance the carriage in its step-by-step letter space movement under thepropulsion of suitable spring means, not shown. The feed dogs 15 and 16are carried by a sheet metal dog rocker frame 17 pivoted at 18 andforming part of a universal bar 19.

As shown in the present instance a universal bar 19 is actuated by aprojection 20 on the heel of each of the sheet metal type bars 21,whereas said universal bar and the frame 1'7 connected therewith arereturned to normal position by a spring 22. y

The heels of the type bars 21 are received and guided in radiallydisposed guide slots 22 in a type bar segment 23 formed as a part of thecasting 8. The type bars are pivoted on a curved pivotwire 24 disposedin a horizontal plane or at right angles to a plane tangent to theplaten at the printing line. The type bars are all moved in convergingplanes and impact at a common printing center where they cooperate witha type bar center guide 25.

Due to this arrangementof the pivotal centers of the type bars each ofsaid bars is devoid of lateral bends and I am therefore enabled toprovide a close arrangement of the type bars in the basket and move eachtype bar through a comparatively short arc to the printing point. Eachtype bar is provided at the heel thereof with a rounded crank arm oractuating projection 26 that has a movement in the plane of movement ofits type bar and is confined between the side walls of the guide slot 22within which the companion type bar works, as will be understood from aconsideration of Fig. 1. Each projection 26 .is received in the openingbetween the arms of the shown) is mounted 15 rear bifurcated end 27 of acompanion substantially horizontally disposed, sheet metal, sub-lever 28of the first order, said bifurcated end being received in the companionslot 22 and guided by the side walls thereof and moving in a planecorresponding to that of the associated type bar. It will. beunderstood, therefore, that by this construction the bifurcated end ofeach sub-lever and the projection 26 on the associated type bar are heldagainst lateral movement relatively one to the other by the side wallsof the companion slot 22, and are thus maintained in cooperativeengagement when the parts are assembled.

Each sub-lever 28 is provided with a recess 29 in the bottom edgethereof about midway in the length thereof. A curved sheet metal fulcrumbar orplate 30 is received at its upper rounded edge in the recesses 29in the various sub-levers and constitutes a support and fulcrumtherefor. The fulcrum bar is secured at its ends by screws 31 to thecasting 8. A separate and distinct curved sheet 1 metal guide comb 32 isarranged above the fulcrum bar 30 and is separately secured at its endsto the casting 8 by screws 33. The slots 34 in the guide comb are closedat the top and open at the bottom and receive and guide the sub-leversat the points of support of the latter on the fulerum bar.

The forward end of each sub-lever is bent laterally to provide a lug 35perforated at 36 to detachably receive an upwardly and rearwardlyextending engaging finger or projection 37 on the associated key lever38, provided with a finger key 39. Itwill be seen that the levers 38 areall arranged and move in parallel planes that extend fore and aft of themachine, whereas the sublevers 28 extend radially from the wider systemof key levers to the narrower system of type bars. Moreover, from aconsideration of Fig. 2 it will be seen that the points of engagementbetween each sub-lever and its type bar and key lever and the fulcrumpoint for such sub-lever, all lie in the same radial plane, which planeis coincident with the plane of movement of the associated type bar. Dueto this arrangement there is no side strain in transmitting movementfrom any key lever to its type bar and a very light and satisfactorytype action is provided consisting of but three parts.

It will be seen, moreover, that although sublevers 28 of various lengthsare provided throughout the system to reach from the type bars to therespective key levers to which said sub-levers are directly connected,and that the points of contact between the parts of each type action inthe same plane is maintained, as pointed out above there is provided,nevertheless, a substantially uniform leverage throughout the system dueto the approximate maintenance of the same ratio between the two arms ofeach sub-lever throughout the system. Th difference in the points ofengagement between the sub-levers 28 and the key levers 38, as shown inFig. 2, compensates for the difference in the lengths of the key levers,all of which are mounted at their rear ends in a straight line acrossthe machine. This last mentioned'feature of the construction furtherprovides for the maintenance of a uniform leverage throughout thesystem. r

The key levers 38 are guided at their forward ends in guide slots 40 inthe lower edge of the front plate 2 of the frame, which in effectprovides a guide comb for the key levers. The rear end of each key leveris bifurcated at 41 to receive and closely embrace the free forward endof a leaf spring 42 and provide a pinching engagement therewith underthe reaction of the spring. 4 In locking though rigid connection betweeneach key lever and its spring. The reactive force of .each

spring 42 not only is exerted to maintain a pinching engagement betweenit and its key lever, but also returns the key lever and the other partsof the type action controlled thereby to normal position, where the keylever is arrested by the top wall 44 (Fig. 3) of the guide slot 40 inwhich it is' received.' The springs 42 are preferably formed from asingle strip of metal 45 anchored and riveted at 46 to an underlyingsheet metal strip 47 v and to an overlying supporting plate or cross bar.48. This plate 48 is provided with lugs 49 at each end thereof, saidlugs being received in apertures 50 in the side plates 1. The ends ofthe lugs are preferably riveted over at 51 to firmly connect thesupporting plate to the frame. and further unite the side platesthereof. It will be understood that by this construction each key leverreceives its pivotal movement by a flexing of its companion spring 42,as shown in full lines in Fig. 1, and that each key lever is carried andsupported by its spring and returned to normal position thereby.

This gives a cushioning effect on each type action and constitutes aninexpensive yet flexible and highly eflicient means for actuating eachtype bar and for mounting and assembling the key levers in the machineand returning the parts of each type action to normal position. Forexample, the resistance offered to the actuation of each key lever byits sub-lever and type bar, reacts in part against the companion spring42 and softens or cushions the action of the key lever in transmittingmotion to the type bar. This effect, of course, is more pronounced atthe bottom of the key stroke if the operator should exert a longfollowing stroke on the key, continuing the pressure even after the typebar reaches the printing P int.

In addition to the foregoing I have provided another novel levermounting by which certain of the levers employed may be readilyintroduced and assembled in the machine and may be readily detached whendesired. In the present instance these levers constitute means by whichthe space key is supported and by which motion is transmitted therefromto the dog rocker frame. It should be understood, however, that thelever construction in question is not restricted to such use but may beemployed for transmitting motion to other parts of a typewriting machinesuch, for example, as a type action.

The space key 52 is connected to and unites two angular levers, eachdesignated as a whole by the reference numeral 53. These levers aresubstantially the same in construction and a description of one of themwill sufllce. Each lever 53 has a forwardly extending arm 54 connectedat its forward end by spot welding or other means to the space key 52and has an upright arm 55 in the rear of the front plate 2 of the frame.The arm 55 carries a forwardly extending, substantially T-shaped, arm orprojection 56 adapted to be received and guided for pivotal movement ina slot or aperture 57, and fulcrum on the bottom wall 58 thereof whenthe lever is mounted in place. When the lever is in place the bottomwall 58 of theslot 5'1 is seated in a recess59 in the lever. At thistime the lower end 60 of the head of the T-shaped projection 56 extendsdown in front of the body portion of the plate 2, whereas the upper end61 of the cross head is received in the slot 57 and by coacting with theupper wall of the slot prevents an upward movement of the lever off itsfulcrum 58 without, however, interfering with a limited pivotal movementof the lever.

The limit of pivotal movement of the lever 53 in one direction isdetermined by the forward edge of the upright arm 55 thereof abuttingthe front plate 2 of the frame. The limit of pivotal movement of thelever in the opposite direction is determined by a bendable forwardlyextending stop or projection 62 on the lever coacting with the frontplate 2 when said stop is bent to effective position shown in Fig. 3 andin dotted lines in Fig. 4. So long as the stop 62 remains in suchefiective position the lever 53 cannot be detached from its support 2.When, however, the stop 62 is bent to some such ineffective position asthat indicated in full lines in Fig. 4-,the upper end of the lever 53may be moved further forward to clear the upper end 61 of the head fromthe upper wall of the slot '7. The lever may then be lifted and thelower end thereof swung rearwardly and the T-shaped head as a whole maybe withdrawn from the slot 57 and the lever detached. The fact that inthe present instance both levers 53 are united by the space bar 52 doesnot interfere with both levers being mounted in place or demountedtogether in the manner indicated above.

When assembling the parts of the construction just described, a coiledexpansion spring 63 is placed on each projection or stop 62 while it isin the ineffective, full line, Fig. 4 position. Each stop with a springon it is then bent to the Fig. 3 position bringing one end of theassociated spring against the rear face of the front plate 2, whereasthe opposite end of the spring bears against the upright arm whichsupports the stop 62. Each spring 63 will then function as a returnspring for its lever 53.

One of the levers 53 in the present instance is pierced at 64 to receivea bent end of a push rod 65 received in the present instance at its rearbent end in a slot 66 of a depending arm 67 on the dog rocker frame 1'7.

A depression of the space key 52 transmits a rearward movement to thepush rod 65 thus actuating the dog rocker frame to control thestep-by-step feed of the carriage.

While one of the mainobjects of my invention is to produce a machinethat may be manufactured at small cost, the construction is such,nevertheless, that a simple, extremely light, rapid and highly effectivetype action, or ,system of type actions, is produced that may beincorporated in various styles of typewriting machines irrespective ofthe cost of the machine as a whole to manufacture.

Various changes may be made in the construction,. and parts thereof maybe employed without others, without departing from my invention as it isdefined in the accompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A type action comprising a key lever, a leaf spring on which said keylever is mounted and by which it is carried and returned to normalposition, means for anchoring and holding fast said leaf spring at oneend, and means for rigidly though readily detachably connecting theother end of the spring to said-key lever, the construction andarrangement of said connecting means being such that a pinchingengagement is maintained between the key lever and spring by thereaction of the spring and that tends to hold the key lever connected tothe spring.

2. A type action comprising a key lever, a leaf spring on which said keylever is mounted and by which it is carried and returnedto normalposition, means for anchoring said leaf spring at one end, and means forrigidly though readily detachably connecting the other end of the springto said key lever, the construction and arrangement of said connectingmeans being such that a pinching engagement is maintained between thekey lever and spring by thereaction of the spring and a positiveinterlocking against relative sidewise displacement between the springand, key lever is provided.

3. The combination of a lever having a substantially T-shaped projectionthereon by which the lever is supported for pivotal movement, asupporting plate having a slot in which said T- shaped projection isreceived and on the bottom wall of which the lever fulcrums, and aseparate bendable projection on said lever which when bent to effectiveposition prevents a demounting of said lever from said supporting plate.

4. The combination of a lever having a substantially T-shaped projectionthereon by which the lever is supported for pivotal movement, asupporting plate having a slot in which said T-shaped projection isreceived and on the bottom wall of which the lever fulcrums, a separatebendable projection on said lever which when bent to effective positionprevents a demounting of said lever from said supporting plate, and areturning spring for said lever on said bendable projection.

5. The combination of a lever having a substantially T-shaped projectionthereon by which the lever is supported for pivotal movement, asupporting plate having a slot in which said T- shaped projection isreceived and on the bottom wall of which the lever fulcrums, a separatebendable projection on said lever which when bent to effective positionprevents a demounting of said lever from said supporting plate, and acoiled expansion spring that surrounds said bendable projection andwhich spring when the bendable projection is in effective position bearsat one end against the lever and at its other end against saidsupporting plate and operates as a returning spring to return the leverto normal position.

6. .The combination of a lever having a substantially T-shapedprojection thereon by which the lever is supported for pivotal movement,a supporting plate having a slot in which said T- shaped projection isreceived and on the bottom wall of which the lever fulcrums, and aseparate bendable projection on said lever which in its effectiveposition limits the movement of the lever in one direction and preventsthe detachment of the lever from said supporting plate, the movement ofthe lever in the opposite direction being limited by the body portionthereof coacting with the supporting plate.

7. The combination of a series of key levers arranged in parallelismthroughout the lengths thereof, an engaging projection on each of saidkey levers extending therefrom intermediate its ends, a series ofupwardly and rearwardly moving front strike type bars narrower in widththan said series of key levers, and a series of substantiallyhorizontally disposed sub-levers that extend inwardly from the keylevers to the type bars and are directly connected to the latter, eachof said sub-levers having an aperture therein through which the saidengaging projection .on the, associated key lever extends.

8. The combination of a series of key levers arranged in parallelismthroughout the lengths thereof, an upwardly and rearwardly disposedengaging projection on each of said key levers intermediate the endsthereof, a series of upwardly and rearwardly moving type bars narrowerin width than said series of key levers, and a series of substantiallyhorizontally disposed sub-levers that extend inwardly from the keylevers to the 'type bars and each of which is bifurcated at'its rear endto receive a projection on the associated type bar, the bifurcated endportion of each sublever and its associated type bar moving in the sameplane, the forward end of each sub-lever being apertured to receive theupwardly and rearwardly extending engaging projection on the companionkey lever. v I

9. The combination of a radially disposed type bar, a key lever thatextends fore and aft of the machine, an intermediate radially andhorizontally disposed sub-lever of the first order readily detachablyconnected directly. with said key lever and type bar, said sub-leverhaving a recess therein intermediate its ends and at the point where itis fulcrumed, and means for mounting said sub-lever for ready assemblyand demounting comprising a curved sheet metal fulcrum bar or member oneedge of which is received within said recess in the sub-lever andprovides a fulcrum therefor, and an independently detachable sheet metalcurved guide comb open at the bottomand'closed at the top and arrangedabove and coincident with said curved fulcrum bar and in a guide slot inwhich guide comb the radially disposed sub-lever is received and works.

10. The combination of a lever, and means for demountably mounting saidlever on its fulcrum comprising a fixed plate on which said lever isfulcrumed and supported, and a bendable pro- Jection on said lever whichwhen bent to its effective position prevents the detachment of the leverfrom said fixed plate and which when bent to ineffective positionaflords a detachment of the lever from said plate,

11. The combination of key levers mounted to move in parallel planesthat extend fore and aft of the machine, .a series of pivoted frontstrike type bars mounted to move in radial converging planes and eachhaving an actuating projection thereon, the series of type bars beingnarrower in width than the, series of key levers, radially andhorizontally disposed sub-levers of the first order intermediate saidtype bars and key levers, the fulcrum point of each sub-lever and thepoints of connection of each sub-lever with its associated type bar andkey lever being in the plane of movement of the companion type bar, eachof said key levers having an engaging finger or projection intermediatethe ends thereof and each of the sub-levers being apertured at one endto receive the engaging projection on the associated key lever and eachsub-lever being bifurcated at the other end to receive a projection onthe associated type bar, whereby the key levers, type bars andsub-levers may be readily assembled and connected.

12. In a front strike typewriting machine the combination of key leversmounted to move throughout the lengths thereof in parallel planes thatextend fore and aft of the machine, a system of front strike type barspivoted in a horizontal plane to move upwardly and rearwardly in radialconverging planes, \the system of type bars being narrower in width thanthe system of key levers, radially and substantially horizontallydisposed sub-levers intermediate said type bars and key levers anddirectly and detachably connected therewith, the fulcrum point of eachsub-lever and the points of connection of each sub-lever with itsassociated key lever and type bar being in the same plane which issubstantially coincident with the plane of movement of the companiontype bar, and means for demountably supporting said sub-levers on thefulcrum therefor, said last mentioned means comprising a combv platethat overlies the fulcrum and prevents a removal of the sub-leverstherefrom.

13. A type action comprising a key levema leaf spring on which said keylever is mounted and by which it is carried and returned to normalposition, means for anchoring and holding fast mal position, means foranchoring and holding fast said leaf spring at one end, and means forrigidly though readily detachably connecting the other end of the springto said key lever, said connecting means comprising a bifurcated portionat the rear end of the key lever to receive and closely embrace the freeend of the spring and provide avpinching engagement therewith under thereaction of .the spring, the free end of the spring being recessed toclosely embrace both sides of the key lever and thusprovide aninterlocking engagement between the lever and its spring that prevents alateral displacement to its spring.

of the lever relatively GEORGE G. GOING.

